The Best Fun Science Stories of 2021: Rhythmic Lemurs, a Marscopter and Sex-Obsessed Insect Zombies

Check out the weird and wonderful stories that delighted us this year

Dogs and cicadas having fun in a space garden while three red alien ships hover above them.

Scott Brundage

Science is often thought of as a serious subject. But even though it tackles hugely important issues—many with life-or-death consequences—it also has a fun side. This year Scientific American has covered some stories that ranged from “Huh, that’s weird” to “Ew, gross” to “So. Cool.” Below, we’ve rounded up a few of our favorites (seriously, do not sleep on the potty-trained cows). We hope you enjoy them and learn more about the amazing and odd aspects of the world—and come back to see what astounding and wild discoveries 2022 has in store.

Moo Over, House-Trained Dogs

Most cattle roam their pastures peeing with abandon, but scientists have now trained calves to use a special latrine called MooLoo. After just 10 days of lessons, many of the calves used MooLoo 77 percent of the time. This could help farmers mitigate pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and the potential spread of disease. (Also in this story: wombats’ cubic poop, secret pee signals and pandas’ unusual strategy to stay warm.)


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Is It Aliens?

In June the Pentagon finally released a long-awaited report on a spate of recent UFO sightings by members of the U.S. military. The report denied that any domestic technology program was the source of the phenomena and, while citing a lack of sufficient evidence, did not explicitly rule out extraterrestrial visitors as a possible cause. Most experts, however, remain skeptical that E.T. has arrived.

Floral Fraud

The fungus Fusarium xyrophilum is a master of botanical disguise. It infects Xyris grass, sterilizes it and then produces uncanny mimics of the plant’s yellow flowers. F.xyrophilum is evidently the first fungus known to use this strategy, which is thought to help it spread its spores.

Lemurs and babies having a party.

Credit: Scott Brundage

Lemurs Got Rhythm

The high-pitched, wailing duets of Madagascar’s giant indri lemurs may sound chaotic at first, but a study shows they actually have a regular underlying timing pattern. This makes the lemurs the first known nonhuman mammals to possess musical rhythm—though they probably won’t be winning a Grammy anytime soon.*

My Primate Teacher

Lemurs also taught us something about ourselves. The babbling baby talk that doting parents coo at their bundles of joy helps infants learn about the world around them, including basic things such as differentiating between pets and people. It turns out, though, that those tiny ears can also learn something from nonhuman primates—in this case, lemurs. But songbirds do not measure up as pedagogues, researchers learned. The distinction sheds light on humans’ apparently unique capacity for language.

When the Perfect Gift is an Edible Body

Finding the perfect present for the kids can be a hassle for harried parents around the holidays. But at least they can take comfort in the fact that they don’t have to wrap up a dead body. For certain beetle parents, a well-hidden bird or mouse corpse is the gift that just keeps on giving. Hopefully, this is one present you’ll never be able to order online.

Forget Steaming Open Envelopes

In the centuries before pregummed envelopes, people sealed their correspondence using a variety of techniques ranging from simple fold-and-seal containers to elaborate multistep processes that produced a letter impossible to open without ripping the paper—thus revealing any potential attempts to snoop. This “letterlocking” presented a conundrum to researchers who wanted to read antique missives without destroying the complicated folds. So scientists have turned to 21st-century technology (high-resolution imaging and a virtual unfolding algorithm) to spy on 17th-century correspondence without opening it.

Chopper on Mars

Success was not guaranteed for Ingenuity, the prototype drone that arrived on the Red Planet alongside NASA’s Perseverance rover in February. To take off and stay aloft in the thin Martian atmosphere, this “Marscopter” would have to spin its blades at about 2,800 revolutions per minute—about 10 times faster than helicopters on Earth. When it finally, fatefully soared to achieve the first-ever powered, controlled flight of an aircraft beyond Earth, a big part of the spectacle was on our planet, where scientists and engineers erupted in celebration.

Zombie cicada holding red flowers and a pink gift box.

Credit: Scott Brundage

Insect Sex Zombies

As billions of Brood X cicadas emerged from their 17-year-long underground slumber this year, a subset of them became infected with a soil fungus. And here’s where it gets really gross: the fungus causes the male cicadas’ genitals to fall off, leaving behind a white plug of spores that are spread as the males try to mate. And try they do, becoming something like sex-obsessed automatons. Scientists are still trying to figure out how the fungus takes over its host.

Robot Hand, No Assembly Required

The process of 3-D printing a machine usually involves creating each part separately and then assembling those parts to form the final product. But for the first time, researchers have printed soft robots in a single process—no assembly required. And to test the effectiveness of one of their devices, a soft robot hand, they programmed it to beat the first level of Super Mario Bros. Presumably, it doesn’t get those pesky finger calluses.

New Snake Movement Just Dropped

Researchers in Guam spotted brown tree snakes forming their bodies into “lassos,” which they used to hoist themselves up smooth metal poles and reach birds’ nesting boxes. This strenuous process lets the snakes climb wider columns than their usual climbing grip does, and it opens up an alarming new option for wrangling prey. Yeehaw!

World’s Longest “Long Winter’s Nap”

Stop us if this sounds familiar, but 2021 has been a rough year. Many of us would probably like to just sleep through December and start over in the new year. But even that near-suspension of animation would have nothing on a rotifer: one of these microscopic animals, pulled out of Siberian permafrost, spent the past 25,000 years in a frozen nap before being reanimated. Even after all that rest, the little critter still might not be ready to face 2022.

New Physics from a TV Classic

In the world of Star Trek, a ship’s “warp drive” allows it to travel at impossible speeds. For fans of the franchise who also happen to be scientists, this fictional technology makes for an interesting topic of study. In the process of calculating whether faster-than-light travel could ever become possible, they are making new physics discoveries. Engage!

Small fish rubbing up against a shark.

Credit: Scott Brundage

Dangerous Predator or Fishy Spa?

Instead of quickly swimming away from sharks, a surprising number of fish species actually pursue the fearsome predators to use as something like a living backscratcher, an analysis of drone footage, photographs and diver video feeds shows. Scientists aren’t sure why these fish engage in shark chafing, but they could do so to remove bacteria and parasites—or because, well, it feels good.

The Year’s Most Adorable Study

The methods section of any scientific study is often a dry read, but one researcher has thrown us all a bone by putting 375 puppies in hers. Emily Bray, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Arizona, faced down the scientific challenge of teasing out whether dogs have to learn to interpret human communications—or if that is something they come by naturally. Floppy-eared cuteness—and science—ensued.

*Editor’s Note (1/4/22): This sentence was edited after posting to clarify the type of rhythm the indris demonstrated.

Andrea Thompson is an associate editor covering the environment, energy and earth sciences. She has been covering these issues for 16 years. Prior to joining Scientific American, she was a senior writer covering climate science at Climate Central and a reporter and editor at Live Science, where she primarily covered earth science and the environment. She has moderated panels, including as part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Media Zone, and appeared in radio and television interviews on major networks. She holds a graduate degree in science, health and environmental reporting from New York University, as well as a B.S. and an M.S. in atmospheric chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology.

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Sarah Lewin Frasier is Scientific American's assistant news editor. She plans, assigns and edits the Advances section of the monthly magazine, as well as editing online news. Before joining Scientific American in 2019, she chronicled humanity's journey to the stars as associate editor at Space.com. (And even earlier, she was a print intern at Scientific American.) Frasier holds an A.B. in mathematics from Brown University and an M.A. in journalism from New York University's Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program. She enjoys musical theater and mathematical paper craft.

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Sophie Bushwick is tech editor at Scientific American. She runs the daily technology news coverage for the website, writes about everything from artificial intelligence to jumping robots for both digital and print publication, records YouTube and TikTok videos and hosts the podcast Tech, Quickly. Bushwick also makes frequent appearances on radio shows such as Science Friday and television networks, including CBS, MSNBC and National Geographic. She has more than a decade of experience as a science journalist based in New York City and previously worked at outlets such as Popular Science,Discover and Gizmodo. Follow Bushwick on X (formerly Twitter) @sophiebushwick

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Jeff DelViscio is currently Chief Multimedia Editor/Executive Producer at Scientific American. He is former director of multimedia at STAT, where he oversaw all visual, audio and interactive journalism. Before that, he spent over eight years at the New York Times, where he worked on five different desks across the paper. He holds dual master's degrees from Columbia in journalism and in earth and environmental sciences. He has worked aboard oceanographic research vessels and tracked money and politics in science from Washington, D.C. He was a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT in 2018. His work has won numerous awards, including two News and Documentary Emmy Awards.

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Lee Billings is a science journalist specializing in astronomy, physics, planetary science, and spaceflight, and is a senior editor at Scientific American. He is the author of a critically acclaimed book, Five Billion Years of Solitude: the Search for Life Among the Stars, which in 2014 won a Science Communication Award from the American Institute of Physics. In addition to his work for Scientific American, Billings's writing has appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Boston Globe, Wired, New Scientist, Popular Science, and many other publications. A dynamic public speaker, Billings has given invited talks for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Google, and has served as M.C. for events held by National Geographic, the Breakthrough Prize Foundation, Pioneer Works, and various other organizations.

Billings joined Scientific American in 2014, and previously worked as a staff editor at SEED magazine. He holds a B.A. in journalism from the University of Minnesota.

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